The Exchange Of Religion And Ideas - 1908 Words

The exchange of religion and ideas has been a common theme within the works that have been read. Many of the religious people studied mix their existing views of the world, which are often described as traditional â€Å"African† beliefs, with a mixture of the cosmology of Christianity, Islam, and other popularized, organized religion originating from across the world. Cosmological views held by different groups of people tend to vary, clash and change the way people go about their daily life. Paying respect to your ancestors is a common practice in Africa, including the Harare and Chitungwiza area. In both places, Masowe apostolics have taken many people by faith, and dictate a large part of their daily lives. These apostolics also firmly believe that the practice of â€Å"communicating† with your ancestors is a form of veneration, which goes against their Christian beliefs. The apostolics call for the cessation of this practice, however, Engelke speaks with some of the locals that carry out this practice who refuse. He describes: â€Å"Most apostolics would argue that holding rituals to communicate with one’s ancestors—as many Shona-speaking people do—amounts to the worship of false gods. You should not pray to your ancestors; pray only to God. As with several apostolic interpretations of â€Å"traditional† religious practice, this one is rejected by the people it is meant to describe... For many Shona-speaking people, as I have noted, ancestors are an integral part of social relationships,Show MoreRelatedThe Impact Of The Columbian Exchange On The New World1051 Words   |  5 Pagesthe discovery of the New World, a new era opened that would come to be known as the Columbian Exchange. With the transfer of plants, animals, culture, diseases, and ideas between Europe and the Americas, good came from the Columbian Exchange which became a possibility after Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492, giving him full credit for this duration. The plants associated with the Columbian Exchange affected the Old and New Worlds by providing success in agriculture as well as technological advancementsRead MoreThe Silk Road And Its Effect On Every Aspect Of People s Lives1615 Words   |  7 Pagesas well as religion, communication, and idea. The Chinese kept the process of creating the silk to themselves, using it to their own advantage in the trade world. The long process and a final product of a strong, soft, and smooth fabric made silk so valuable. Silk, although the most traded, was only one of a wide range of goods imported between Eastern and Western civilizations. Its importance lies not only in the traded merchandise and commodities but also in its development of new ideas, spread ofRead MoreFactors Affecting Cultural Exchange Through Civilizations during 1000 and 1400 A.D.1282 Words   |  6 PagesThrough analyzing the five given documents, factors affecting cultural exchange through civilizations during 1000 and 1400 A.D. are noticeably those which result in the bringing of new ideas to a different area, such as missionary work, commerce, war, and travels. As new religions sprouted throughout Europe on other expansive areas, missionaries were sent out to foreign lands. Document 1 comes from the viewpoint of a Roman Catholic missionary attempting to spread his faith by presenting a letterRead MoreReligion As A Foundation Of Morality Essay910 Words   |  4 Pagesof years, religion has been part of nearly all cultures. Starting as a rather barbaric force, religion swiftly diffused into nearly every culture across the globe. 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These two empires were different regarding changes in their religion as the Chinese Empire became a cosmopolitan society letting Buddhism penetrate their empire and the Byzantines continued through the thread of Christianity. Furthermore, these empires differed when looking the way of government each society implementedRead MoreThe Impact On The Industrial Revolution1114 Words   |  5 Pagestrade things in exchange for things. Next, in Afroeurasia, the Silk Road was a major trade route that stretched from southwest Asia to Turkmenistan. Foods, wine, riches, spices, medicine and ideas were traded on this trade route. Since the Silk Road was a trade route, all aspects of PERSIA apply to this. Political views, economical costs, religious ideas, different people of different social classes used this route, intellectual ideas were exchanged along with pottery, paintings, ideas, etc. which fallsRead MoreThe Development Of Exploration And The Industrial Revolution1168 Words   |  5 Pagesknown as the Moorish Crusades. After the Moorish Crusades, schools for exploration began to open in Europe. When the schools were created, more and more people became interested in traveling to other countries to expand their own economy, spread religion, and to win glory (Beck, Crowston, Davila, Ebrey, McKay and Wiesner- Hanks 461, 462). Explorers such as Columbus and Magellan revolutionized Europe. Columbus’s desire to spread Christianity to new lands causes him to discover a route from EuropeRead More British Identity and Literature Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagesnot a simple concept and is complicated by the existence of many British colonies all over the world. The colonized people of the British colonies also have claims on Britishness. So what determines if an individual is British or not? Is it ones religion? Is it the way one speaks? Is it just the difference of skin color? Is it ones appearance and dress? Is it based on citizenship? Is it ones knowledge of social norms of England? The colonized people of British colonies defied many of those above

An Analysis of the New Woman Phenomenon Present in Bram...

The gothic vampire classic Dracula, written by Bram Stoker, is one of the most well known novels of the nineteenth century. The story focuses on a vampire named Dracula who travels to England in search of new blood, but who eventually is found out and driven away by a group of newly minted vampire hunters. A major social change that was going on during the late nineteenth century, around the time of that this novel was being written, was the changing roles of women in British society which constituted as the â€Å"New Woman† movement and the novel seems to explore and worry about this subject extensively. These women wanted to be freed both politically and sexually, but much of the general population at the time found it unsettling (Dixon,†¦show more content†¦These aspects would suggest that she is â€Å"New Woman†, however Mina is very much sexually reticent which is against the sexually assertive nature that helps define the â€Å"New Woman† movement. While the â€Å"New Woman† movement did have some focus on the former aspects it was likely that the more outward sexuality present in the movement was what Stoker and many Victorians were worried about with the movement â€Å"Financial independence and personal fulfillment as alternatives to marriage and motherhood were not responsible for the New Woman’s becoming a symbol of all that’s challenging and dangerous in advanced thinking. The crucial factor was..sex† (Senf, 1982). While the well educated Mina does have several aspects of a â€Å"New Woman† she would not feel comfortable being associated with the movement as she is reluctant to display affection for her fiancà © and she consciously rejects the forwardness and sexual frankness of â€Å"New Woman† writers: Some of the ‘New Woman’ writers will some day start an idea that men and women should be allowed to sleep with each other before proposing or accepting. But I suppose the New Woman won’t condescend in future to accept; she will do the proposing herself. And a nice job she will think of it too! There’s some consolation in that. (chapter 7 or 8) Mina’s conscious rejection can also be thought of as Stokers thoughts on the subject, further pointing to the belief that Stoker was against the sexual openness in the movement, however Mina’sShow MoreRelatedEnglish Source Doc.7581 Words   |  31 PagesTitle: Dracula: Stoker s Response to the New Woman Author(s): Carol A. Senf Publication Details: Victorian Studies 26.1 (Autumn 1982): p33-49. Source: Nineteenth-Century Literature Criticism. Ed. Jessica Bomarito and Russel Whitaker. Vol. 156. Detroit: Gale, 2006. From Literature Resource Center. Document Type: Critical essay Full Text: COPYRIGHT 2006 Gale, COPYRIGHT 2007 Gale, Cengage Learning Full Text:   [(essay date autumn 1982) In the following essay, Senf contends that, contrary

Marketing and Competitive Environment System †Assignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Competitive Environment System. Answer: Introduction: The University of the Queensland is established in the year 1909 in Australia and is known as leading teaching and the research institution in the Australia. The University of the Queensland has earned a well-developed reputation which is being considered as the rapid growth education sector of the state. The state is depicted to be showing the rapid growth by the help of these sectors in the society which is a part very much helpful for the development of the education sectors. The consists of the quality regional campuses which have been developed for the purpose of delivering quality programs and also the growth of the country can be easily emulated by serving the best to the students. Thus the University of the Queensland can gain the excellent choice for the student since they can be able to assure and assist them with the best services as it is seen in the form of showing the well-established network (Appannaiah, Reddy, 2010). This is simply indicating the appropriate developm ent of the high-quality standards that had been well established by showing them the quality standards and also the advancement in the learning system can be easily identified in the form of the local, national and the international communities. Therefore the wide range of the tertiary level higher institutions is depicted to be engaged in the form of showing them the best quality programs to satisfy the needs of the students. The university of the Queensland is identified to be the one among the two listed non-profit enterprises. Its global ranking is identified to be 60th and is the top most university which is involved in offering education to the learners. Thus the education of the people is becoming a most important part, and also the University of the Queensland has gained around 90 Australian Awards for the purpose of providing teaching to the learners. This proves that the University of the Queensland is the top most university in Australia. Market summary and demand analysis The statistics of the expenditure made by the government in the education sector is provided in the form of the data which is being presented in the below graph. The analysis is being presented in the form of the accrual based accounting, and also the system of the GFS is also included which is known as the Government Finance Statistics. The expenditures that are included in this are identified to be the expenditures which are made for the teaching activities as per the needs demanded by the universities and the schools. The non-educational activities are not included in these expenditures and also the operations are surrounding the expenses made on the education sectors. Therefore the growth in the demand for the education is showing the increment of the expenses, and also the intra-sector transfers are also becoming higher (Du Plessis, Strydom, Jooste, 2012). Therefore the expenditures made by the government are showing the appropriate growth of the education sectors, and also the operations of the education on the tertiary education are depicted to be 36% whereas on primary, and the secondary education sectors are getting the 51.5 %. The remaining non-employee expenses are depicted to showing the non-educational expenses is getting the 48.5%. Therefore it can be easily judged that the investment of the government at an unprecedented rate is growing and also it is including the tertiary education market as it is being explained in the above points. The cheaper education in the Australia is a part increasing the demand which is creating the higher education in the country, and also the increment in the profit motive is showing the contribution to the demand growth in the education system as it is considered. PEST Analysis The environmental analysis is most important for making the strategies without proper analysis of current business environment of any business the strategies for that specific business cannot be made in a proper way. For the environment analysis, the PEST analysis is important and play a vital role in analysis the macro environment of the business such as it help in analysing the political factors of the business, along with the economic factors, social factors and technological factor of the business (Etzel, Walker, Stanton, 2007). With the effective analysis of these factors, the business prospects of the undertaken can be recognized along with its threat from the external factors. To analyze the macro environment of the University of Queensland, hence the PEST analysis of the tertiary education business in Australia has been performed below: Political: The Australian Government is very supportive of the education business and put great emphasis on framing effective policies and processes for the universities to provide useful support to the operation of the universities. Economic: The country Australia is one of the most stable economies in the world, and the economy is growing steadily. The higher education sector of this country, specifically, the education sectors dealing with international education provide huge contribution ($1 Billion) to the national economy. Social: Like other developed countries in Australia also perceived increasing demand for the higher education. Moreover, the federal government along with other governmental authorities also actively work in this matter and make supportive policies to manage the increasing demand for higher education. Technology: The use of advance technologies like multimedia, online courses, social media is widely used in the education system in this country. The teachers use these technologies to teach the students (Floyd, 2006). The PEST analysis makes it clear that the changes in education policy by the Australian government shall impact on the operation of the education institutes like the University of Queensland. The higher education business in Australia is hugely supported by the economic and social factors of this country. Besides, the technology improvement is also provided required efficiency to the education system. Hence, it can be stated that the entire factors analyzed in PEST analysis are favorable for the University of Queensland. The competitor analysis is one of the most important tasks for the formulation of effective strategies for a business organization. Moreover, for the University of Queensland, there are many competitors who are operating in the same field. There are universities like James Cook University, Griffith University and the University of Southern Queensland are competitors of the University of Queensland. Moreover, the universities provide exclusive offers to the international students. The Griffith University has five campuses for the international students, besides the university offer scholarship and job opportunities to the students (Jones, Silverstein, 2009). The main aim of this university is to provide excellent education experience to the students integrated with latest technologies and skilled teaching professional and become one of the best academic institutions is Australia. The James Cook University also offer various undergraduate and post graduate courses to the students. The James Cook University is also trying to become the best technological institute in Australia. These universities provide significant competition to the University of Queensland because the education industry in Australia is rapidly growing into the battlefield where there are stringent competitions. As the universities offer more useful and practical courses for the international students as well as offer discounts on course fees, scholarships, and employment opportunities that help the universities been attracting the large portions of the students from overseas. SWOT analysis The definition of the SWOT analysis can be easily defined by showing the expansion of the situational analysis which enables the University of the Queensland to determine its strengths, weaknesses, threats and the opportunities. The internal factors are determined to be showing the strengths and the weaknesses where as the external factors are determined to be showing the opportunities and the threats (Newbold, Carlson, Thorne, 2013). Strengths Offering a wide variety of courses Provides the skilled and the motivational teachers Excellent job opportunities are offered to the students Brilliant library collection is presented Weaknesses Fees of the University of the Queensland are a little bit high as it is being compared to the other competitors. Problematic situation is being faced by the student while accessing the online materials. Opportunities The increment of the demand for the international and domestic students in the Australia for the University of the Queensland. Offering diverse courses for the betterment of the students. Threats The new entrant threat can be easily determined in the market High range of the competitors can be seen locally (Pinnock, 2012). Therefore, the University of the Queensland is having numerous strengths with an increment of the demand for the education in the Australia. The development of the strategies must be made by the University of the Queensland to tackle the weaknesses and the threats. The value and the brand positioning of the University of the Queensland are dependent on the marketing techniques which are used for the betterment of the UQ Brand. The delivery of the brand in the form of various images can be easily made by illustrating the appropriate positioning of the aim and also by the help of various channels of marketing. The positioning of the aim is apart helpful for the establishment of the corporate customers as they are depicted to be varying in nature and also the appropriate elements can be easily managed by showing the visual presentation. This is simply categorized by showing the range of the tools of the techniques which is being made by the university community of the institution (Pinnock, 2010). Therefore the corporate identify guidelines must associate with the workings continued by the organization for the betterment of the structure and also the establishment of the company can be achieved by showing the expansion of the work. This enables the organization to fix its primary aim to target the customers and also the top position of the services can be easily made by establishing the attracting templates which can be easily imprinted in the minds of the stakeholders. This is simply explaining the positioning of the organization in the higher position in the market of Australia. Marketing aim and promotional objectives The key marketing aim of the University of Queensland is to attract more and more foreign students to the university and grow as a preferable university for the foreign students. To achieve the main aim of the university, the education institute has to recognize the need and demand of the market. Firstly, have to segment the international education market. After segmentation, the university has to target the potential students as per the course provided by the university. Then the university has to implement the effective positing strategy to place the course in the mind of the target students (Sen, 2008). The university has to make a good academic atmosphere for the international students. There are students from Asian countries like India, Pakistan, China coming to study in the Australian university. Hence the university has to take care of their culture, economic background to offer them required courses. The university has to provide discounts and rebate from the course fees to t he deprived students from the developing countries so that they can afford the course fees of the University of Queensland. Besides this, for the brilliant students, the university can offer exclusive scholarship and the job opportunities for the students also help in attracting the international students. Marketing mix strategies Product: The University of Queensland offers study in the following areas: agriculture, law, and economics, business, agribusiness, information technology, humanities, engineering architecture, planning, music, psychology and education. The University also offers other different courses to attract more students. The courses are prepared by the University for providing all types of education to the students. It provides unique experiences to the students along with increasing the skills and knowledge (Sheehan, 2011). The students can take admission in any of the courses by their abilities. The management team should also focus on providing courses in other fields also. Price: In the year 2017, the tuition fee of the university is around AUD $117,00 for the abroad students to study. The management can decrease the tuition fees to attract more students and increasing the revenues of the university. The tuition fees would be AUD $12,168 in the year 2018 for per semester. However, the University charges tuition fees by the course work programs. The students can pay the tuition fees in different ways. The students can also get a loan from their home country to covers some of the educational expenses. Place: The campus of the University of Queensland Australia is located at different locations such as Brisbane, Herston, Gatton and St Lucia. The University at different places provides a different course to the students. The University is operating its activities in a number of location. However, it would be beneficial for the University if the management team opens University in other locations. The University can use the resources of the country for expanding its operations. Promotions: The University of Queensland use its range of templates and website for the promotions. Fonts and brand colors are very much important as it helps to students to determine the brand name. Other promotional strategy and techniques should be used for attracting more students. The marketing team can promote the products of the University through different channels such as television, newspaper, radio and internet (Winer, Dhar, 2014). The University can use social media platform to attract more students because maximum youngsters use social media websites. The management team should also focus on these strategies to attract more students. In order to analysis market demand the BCG Matrix is a growth share matrix, considered as an effective tool that help in analysing the market growth rate as well as the market share of the existing products of the business organizations. In order to analysis the demand of the services and products of the University of Queensland, means demands of its courses the BCG matrix is functioning as most useful tool. It helps in understanding the portfolio optimization, market, plus efficient resource allocation. The University of Queensland has various different types of education programs including agriculture science to humanities, psychology, education and music. The university has to check the market demand in order to apply the product strategies for the institutions. In this matter the applications of BCG Matrix will be useful. As per the applications of BCG Matrix the portfolio of the University of Queensland has been segmented: The university has significant range of Agricultural study including agriculture, agribusiness, environmental science which have stable market and demand among the students. The market of these courses are stagnated and there is not any growth in the market but these perform steadily. The University of Queensland has high market share for these courses. These courses are considered as cash cow for the university. The University of Queensland has to retain the market share. The engineering, architecture, planning, and Information Technology (IT) courses are performing well as the market of the course growing as the demand of the course increasing. The market shares for this programs are high than the competitors. These engineering course are stars for the university and required investment. The business courses, along with economics and law course are showing minimum growth and performances in comparison to the rivals thus considered as question mark for the university. The university has to invest to develop the programs more competitive. Apart from this, the university has course like health, humanities, education, psychology, which have not any significant growth or the performances of the course are also poor within the international students. These programs have low market share as well as low growth rate. Hence, considered as the dog for the university. The university has to implement effective strategies such as closing the programs or develop in a new ways to attract students. The management team of the University of Queensland has taken certain steps to increase the efficiency and achieving competitive advantage in the market. The University is now focusing on providing more job opportunities to the students and also increasing the quality of education. The University welcome the members of the community to participate in conferences, lectures, festivals, sporting and cultural events. The students and staffs are encouraged to participate in competition and events. The focus is also on developing a partnership with government, philanthropists, government and industry that provides them wide opportunity to compete in the market. The staff member increases awareness among the students about advantages of establishing long-term relationship with the University of Queensland. It is facilitating the opportunity for the alumni to contribute to the success of the University (Wong, Radel, Ramsaran-Fowdar, 2011). Engaging with the global industry, government, univ ersity networks and consular to nurture and promote the international alumni. The management has taken significant steps for the development of the university and also ensure that the University provides a safe environment and wide opportunity to the students. To be competitive in the market, the students are provided with quality education and the staff members are provided with a friendly environment and adequate training for their development. The management team should also provide unique products and services to enhance their capabilities. In order to attain the competitive advantages from the market the University of Queensland has to apply a holistic marketing approach as well as integrated marketing activities will help in improving the marketing efficiency of the University. In this matter the relationship marketing is very effective, with the help of this relationship marketing strategies the university can offer special discounts to students who come with the reference of the other existing students. This support is developing the loyal customers base for the University of Queensland. The University of Queensland can develop a database of the students including the information about their families and relatives so that this database can help in future marketing for the university. Besides this, internal marketing strategies also effective, the university can offer different types of facilities for the existing students who will bring other students for enrolling with course in this university. Media and budget allocation The office of marketing and communications of the University of Queensland edit/produce and distribute daily media to promote the achievements of the university in the areas of discovery, engagement, and learning. The media representatives will be able to subscribe to the University of Queensland news online to receive the media releases through email on releases. If anyone wants to receive the media releases, then he or she have to update details or contact the office of marketing and communications. The communications staffs are interested in the ideas of other staff members of the university, and the press release is a useful resource for determining the achievements of the University (Sheehan, 2011). The main purpose for the preparation of the budgets is to ensure that the University of Queensland meets its obligations and developing guidelines and framework to prepare the annual report. The procedure is related to the top level of budgeting undertaken by the financial and business services and forecasting undertaken by institutes, central areas, and faculties. The annual budget is prepared to meet the current goals and objectives. The financial management is required for all the levels of the University. The budget is prepared in the legislative environment concerning the financial accountability act 2009, higher education support act 2003 and University of Queensland Act 1998. The university is operated and managed under the responsibility structure for the operational management. It is the responsibility of the top management to redistribute the budget and manage all the expenditures. The budget is prepared to meet the operational and strategic plans. Conclusion The analysis shows that the performance of the University of Queensland is increasing, but efforts should be made for future development. The management team should take adequate steps to increase the efficiency of the operations and providing quality education to the students. The University should diversify the course programs, and the staff members should be provided adequate training (Sen, 2008). The rules and regulations should be based on the development of the University and compete in the market. The management team should invest in the financial, human and physical resources. References Appannaiah, P., Reddy, D. (2010).Business Management. Himalaya Publishing House. Du Plessis, P., Strydom, J., Jooste, C. (2012).Marketing management. Cape Town: Juta. Etzel, M., Walker, B., Stanton, W. (2007).Marketing. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Floyd, D. (2006).Business studies. London: Letts. Jones, S., Silverstein, B. (2009).Business-to-business internet marketing. Gulf Breeze, FL: Maximum Press. Newbold, P., Carlson, W., Thorne, B. (2013).Statistics for business and economics. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education. Pinnock, A. (2010).Business studies. Claremont [Cape Town]: The Answer. Pinnock, A. (2012).Business studies. Claremont [Cape Town]: The Answer. Ramachandra, K., Chandrashekara, B., Shivakumar, S. (2010).Marketing management. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Sen, M. (2008).Business Management. New Delhi: Global Media Publications. Sheehan, B. (2011).Marketing management. Lausanne: AVA. The University of Queensland Australia,. (2016). UQ GUIDE 2016 (1st ed., pp. 1-54).Queensland. Retrieved from https://www.uq.edu.au/international- students/docs/INT_GUIDE2016_WEB.pdf Winer, R., Dhar, R. (2014).Marketing management. Harlow, Essex: Prentice Hall. Wong, H., Radel, K., Ramsaran-Fowdar, R. (2011).Building a marketing plan. [New York, N.Y.]: Business Expert Press.

Media Analysis Paper Toddlers and Tiaras Essay Example

Media Analysis Paper Toddlers and Tiaras Essay TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 PURPOSE 1. 2 DATA DESCRIPTION 2. BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO CHILD BEAUTY PAGEANTS AND TODDLERS TIARAS 3. TELEVISION AND REALITY TV AS A MEDIUM 4. REALITY TV RESEARCH 4. 1 MEDIA SPECTACLES 4. 2 OBSCENITY OF TODDLERS AND TIARAS 4. 3 USES AND GRATIFICATIONS THEORY 4. 4 STUART HALL’S ENCODING-DECODING MODEL 5. METHOD 6. FINDINGS 7. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS 7. 1 LIMITATIONS 8. CONCLUSION 2 2 2 3 4 5 5 7 9 10 11 13 29 31 31 33 ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. 9. REFERENCES 10. APPENDIX 10. 1 PAPER DIVISION 10. 2 INTERVIEW QUESTIONS 10. 3 INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS 1. Introduction Ever since the advent of reality TV at the end of 1990’s, television producers started to look for controversial subjects, which would capture the viewer, and make this new format a hit. This was also the case with the child beauty pageants industry, which has been a frequently discussed topic in the United States for decades. Nevertheless, after the emergence of the Reality TV (RTV) show, Toddlers and Tiaras, produced by the American broadcaster TLC, the controversy about this particular industry and children on television has increased rapidly. Toddlers and Tiaras is a show which might seem strange to people who do not know and have never heard of child beauty pageants. Especially the emphasis on making a girl look older, than her actual age, is hard to understand for many people. However, these shocking scenes that often cause certain emotions among the audience, is exactly how RTV producers are trying to capture and interest its audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Analysis Paper Toddlers and Tiaras specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Media Analysis Paper Toddlers and Tiaras specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Media Analysis Paper Toddlers and Tiaras specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Toddlers and Tiaras might be a show that is judged rapidly due to the controversial nature of child beauty pageants, however the ratings of TLC prove that it is also a program which people enjoy watching and like to talk about. 1. 1 Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to investigate what people think about a show that features little girls who are turned into beauty queens, how they perceive the characters as well as child beauty pageants in general. Furthermore, due to the fact that this phenomenon clearly reflects the American society, it is interesting to find out what Europeans actually think of this concept. . 2 Data description Most of the data collected in this research comes from academic articles used in the course, and books from the SDU library. Furthermore, online desk research played a major role, including research papers from the scholar. google search engine. Since Toddlers and Tiaras is a show that has only been broadcasted since a few years and has just en tered the European market it seems to be a very current topic. This helped us in our research to find up-to-date information about the Reality TV show, as well as the child beauty pageant industry. Moreover, ten in-depth interviews served as a qualitative research method and added highly valuable information to our research. 2 2. Brief introduction to child beauty Pageants and Toddlers Tiaras Only in a climate of denial could hysteria over satanic rituals at daycare centers coexist with a failure to grasp the full extent of child abuse. (More than 8. 5 million women and men are survivors. ) Only in a culture that represses the evidence of the senses could child pageantry grow into a $5 billion dollar industry without anyone noticing. Only in a nation of promiscuous puritans could it be a good career move to equip a six-year-old with bedroom eyes (Richard Goldstein, 1997). Child beauty pageants have in the past few decades grown into a multi-billion dollar industry, sponsored by multinationals such as Proctor and Gamble and Hawaiian Tropics. In the United States approximately, five thousand child pageants are held every year, with a subscription fee between $250 to $800 dollars, especially when competing on a national level (Giroux, 1998: 39). Pageants are held both on a local and national level. Whereas the local level is mainly meant for working class families, the national competitions are dominated by the middle-and upper class, who have the resources to afford expensive clothes, pageant coaches, dance lessons, travel expenses and etc (Giroux, 1998: 39/40). The popularity growth of child beauty pageants did not go unnoticed and after the rising interest for pageant magazines such Pageantry, The Learning Channel (TLC) decided to launch the reality-based docudrama ‘’Toddlers and Tiaras’’ in February 2009. Now four years later, due to high audience ratings TLC has recently premiered its 5th season. The protagonists of Toddlers and Tiaras are children as young as two years old and their mothers, competing in beauty pageants. The show follows the little beauty queens and their families in their homes and backstage in order to document the preparation the girls have to go through to get the required ‘Barbie-look’ for the contests. Pageants are a lucrative business, not only for the promoters who are making approximately $100,000 per event but also for the contestants who are able to win high money prices as well as holidays and cars (Giroux 1998: 40). Nevertheless, besides the fact that a lot of money can be earned, the costs of competing in child beauty pageants add up quickly. Those high amounts of money indicate that the participation at such beauty contests demands much commitment and a high level of professionalism from the little girls. Hours of training for a flawless dance routine to impress the judges, as well as a healthy diet to be thin for the upcoming pageants are the rule (Sheridan, 2011). 3 Furthermore, there are two different categories of pageants, the Glitz pageants and the natural pageants. Especially the Glitz pageants have led to extreme discussions and outrage in the US. From fake eye lashes to fake spray tan, from provocative outfits to overlays for teeth (the so-called ‘flippers’ to hide the little girl’s tooth gaps, and give them a million-dollar smile), the TV show Toddlers and Tiaras documents every single step of the pageant preparation, and has increased the controversy about the sexualization of children on television (Sheridan, 2011). Another controversial point of the TV show, are the mothers of the little beauty queens, who are faced with the accusation of using their children to make their own dreams come true. According to what you see on the show, they push their little girls to practice several hours a day, and use beauty treatments, like spray tanning to increase their chances of winning (Heltsley Calhoun, 2003: 82). According to experts, the consequences these competitions can have on little girls are extremely negative. Indeed, â€Å"it can be harmful to girls, teaching them that their self-worth is measured by how pretty they are† (Schultz Murphy, 2012). Moreover, as a result of the pageants, the girls can develop lifetime problems, including depression, perfectionism, eating disorders, and body shame (Sheridan, 2011). 3. Television and Reality TV as a Medium If our culture in the second half of the twentieth century is influenced by one medium, then it is television. Via TV, people were for the first time able to witness the horrors of warfare. However, the TV also brought new forms of amusement, music, cabaret and the glitter and glamour of big show programs. In other words, television caused that awareness, grief and appiness have become public issues (Hermes Reesink 2003: 2). Furthermore, even though in recent years the Internet has started to take over television as the most penetrating medium, television is still often seen as one of the most intrusive one, due to the fact that it uses both visual and auditory stimuli. Moreover, media is used by different people for different reasons. Whereas one person would use the medium te levision or another medium in general, to gather information, others will turn on the television pure for entertainment (Asseldonk 2005: 10). One trend which can be described as pure entertainment is RTV, which can be referred to as a ‘’catch-all category that includes a wide range of entertainment programs about real people’’. This form of entertainment has become a firm part of the daily television programing since the 1999s/2000s worldwide. Reality TV nowadays portrays everything and anything, from dating to weight loss, from healthcare to children beauty pageants (Hill, 2005: 2). Moreover, reality TV can be funny, dramatic, exciting and even 4 educating. A reality TV show does not tell its audience how they have to feel about what they see, which is why the opinions about popular programs, such as Big Brother or Toddlers and Tiaras, differ widely. The very first reality TV shows were totally different from what we see today. In fact, the shows followed mainly policemen, firefighters or ambulance drivers and did not invade the private space of a person (J. Bignell, p. 28). According to Hermes Reesink (2003) RTV can be divided into three different forms; emotional-TV, real life soaps and docusoaps. Toddlers and Tiaras can be referred to as a docusoap, meaning that a fixed group of people and their daily activities are being recorded at school, work and etc. The emphasis of these formats is mainly based on the recognition and identification of the people and events portrayed on the show (Mast, 2003). Furthermore, the paper will continue to concentrate on the medium within the medium reality television or more specifically the RTV show Toddlers and Tiaras. Hereby the next chapter will take a closer look at both Media spectacles, the Use and Gratification theory and the encoding-decoding model n relation to child beauty pageants portrayed on the show. 4. Reality TV Research The following chapter focusses on four different theories related to television including; Media Spectacles, Obscenity, Hall’s Encoding and Decoding model and Uses and Gratification theory. 4. 1 Media spectacles Today’s society can be described as ‘society of the spectacle’. In fact; â€Å"Spectacles are those phenomena of media culture which embody contemporary societys basic values, serve to enculturate individuals into its way of life, and dramatize its controversies and struggles, as well as its modes of conflict resolution. They include media extravaganzas, sports events, political happenings, and those attention-grabbing occurrences that we call news a phenomena that itself has been subjected to the logic of spectacle and tabloidization in the era of the media sensationalism, political scandal and contestation, seemingly unending cultural war† (Kellner, 2003: 27). Sports, such as the Super Bowl or the Olympics are important media spectacles (p. 5). Moreover, the entertainment industry is providing major spectacles itself, such as the Oscars or popular film spectacles like the Harry Potter series (p. ). Furthermore, politics also play a major role in the media, and the attacks on the World Trade Center in 2001, with the following war against terrorism, has clearly been the mega 5 spectacle of the 21st century (p20). Besides, those serious topics, reality TV has become part of this phenomenon as well. Starting with hit-series like Big Brother, Survivor, and the Bachelor, RTV soon turned into a maj or spectacle, with a constantly growing fan crowd. In addition, RTV reached a ew stage, when MTV started to broadcast the faux-reality series about the rocker Ozzy Osbourne and his family, which documented their somewhat ordinary family life. However, this new kind of ‘realitainment’ was a huge success, and fascinated massive television audiences around the world (p. 19). â€Å"Thus, the new millennium is marked by a diversity of spectacles in the field of politics, culture, entertainment, and every realm of social life† (Kellner, 2003: 27) Andy Warhol said in 1968: â€Å"In the future everyone will be famous for fifteen minutes† (phrasefinder). Nowadays, the world has many celebrities, such as actors, writers or singers. However, it seems that more and more people want to be part of the rich and beautiful, and decide to turn their lives into televisual spectacles to achieve those 15 minutes of fame. The participants of Toddlers and Tiaras often say during the show that they would like their children to become a celebrity when they grow up. The most common wishes are to turn the girls into a future a Miss America, singers or actresses, with idols such as Selena Gomez, who both started their careers at a very young age (Hollywoodlife, 2011). Clearly Toddlers and Tiaras is a special kind of spectacle that draws a lot of attention and discussions. The show has been debated on big TV channels, such as CNN, ABC and CW, who have invited various mothers and daughters portrayed on the show, in order to discuss the repeated accusations of child abuse (Canning Behrendt, 2012: 1). Nevertheless, the first time (Glitz) beauty pageants attracted national attention was after the alleged sexual abuse and murder of the six-year-old beauty queen JonBenet Ramsey in 1996. The public was shocked, and saw a clear connection between the murder and the pageants, saying the perpetrator had used the children beauty pageant competition to choose his victim (Giroux, 1998: 2). Paul Peterson, a member of ‘A minor Consideration’ that tries to change the children entertainment industry said about the pageants: â€Å"This is feeding the sex industry. There is a tremendous trade within juvenile modeling† (ABCnews, 2011). However, at the time of JonBenet’s murder, no TV show had been documented about the children beauty pageant circus yet. JonBenet who was competing in various beauty pageants, was found abused and murdered in her basement. Not only the public but also the media blamed the beauty pageants for attracting pedophiles and accused JonBenet’s parents of violating their parental duties by dressing JonBenet too sexy and letting her 6 participate in those contests. The murder of JonBenet turned into a mega spectacle with the parents and beauty pageants at the center of national news reports. Nights in a row all major networks showed the public, video’s in which JonBenet was seen wearing sexy adult clothing, red lipstick, curled and bleached hair giving the audience a seductive look in order to impress the judges (Giroux, 1998: 37). According to Giroux, this case presented the American viewer ‘’a spectacle in which it became both a voyeur and a witness to its refusal to address the broader conditions that contribute to the sexualiation and commodification of kids in the larger culture’’ (Giroux, 1998: 37). The case did not only caught the attention of the major networks but also of important American television figures such as Oprah Winfrey, who showed the public that child abuse frequently occurs at home and that the idea people have about that a child molester is most often an outsider is not so credible. The Ramsey case clearly showed this phenomenon of a ‘’unsafe home’’, not necessarily in the way of physical abuse but more looking at the fact that JonBenet parents forced their dreams and fantasies on their little girl, which resulted in the fact that they denied her a personality appropriate for a six-year old. Despite this terrible event and the enormous controversy towards child beauty pageants, TLC decided to broadcast a program dedicated to exactly this. Even though the controversy remains, the program has high audience rates and has turned into yet another reality television spectacle. 4. 2 Obscenity of Toddlers and Tiaras According to the Cambridge dictionary, obscenity or when someone or something is obscene is also referred to as ‘’an offensive and shocking situation or event’’ (Cambridge dictionary online). The commercialization of major broadcasters has according to several theorists led to negative changes in what kind of media content is offered nowadays (De Bens, 1994; Dovey, 2000). De Bens calls the tendency towards First Person Media also tabloidization, due to the fact that the media nowadays offers more and more entertainment that makes the public dumber (Jansen, 2011: 17). Especially in RTV programs the cameras have started to intrude in people’s private lives, in order to satisfy the viewer’s desire towards sensation and spectacles. It is often said that viewer’s currently, have gotten an increasingly narrowminded and stereotype image of what kind of problems are going on in society (Mast, 2003). The stories and images portrayed in the media, of individuals sharing their intimacies is getting crazier every time. The public has gotten used to the fact that the public domain has turned into a freak show. 7 When the first Big-Brother came out and the contestants were having sex on life TV, people started to wonder where the limit is. According to Hermes Reesink (2003), fear arose that RTV would continue to stretch its limits and would become more and more inappropriate and revolting (p. 229). When looking at the RTV program Toddlers and Tiaras and the Cambridge definition of obscenity, the program is often seen as both offensive and shocking. Ever since Toddlers and Tiaras debuted on TLC in 2009, it has been a show that caused much controversy in the US (realitytvworld, 2009). Children beauty pageants were nothing new in the US at that time, since the very first pageants already took place in the 1960s; however this new RTV show documented very closely to what extremes the mothers go to make their daughters win (Huffingtonpost, 2011). The mothers participating in Toddlers and Tiaras have earned the nickname ‘pageant-moms’ in the US, and there is even an overall term to define their often shocking behavior, namely the ‘pageant mom’ phenomenon (ABCnews, 2012: 3). By definition, ‘Pageant moms’ aggressively market their daughters in beauty contests. Those mothers often function as managers and might have a less positive and stable relationship with their children, than mothers that separate business from family. Toddlers and Tiaras heated up the discussions about the ‘pageant mom’ phenomenon, and uses the overly competitive mothers very successfully, to increase the interest in the program. Some of the show’s protagonists achieved a very questionable fame in the US and are highly criticized for their behavior. For most critics, the main problem is not even the actual beauty pageant, but the preparation that comes with it. TLC concentrates greatly on filming the beauty treatments, such as spray tanning or heavy make-up, since those are the moments when the children most often defend themselves against their mother’s treatment. The complaints made by these crying little girls often hits a nerve of the public and generated more than once a fundamental discussion about child abuse (McKay, 2010). Moreover, the debate about sexualizing children on television has increased extremely since Toddlers and Tiaras started broadcasting. This is, due to the fact that many mothers select provocative costumes to attract attention, and to improve the winning chances of their daughters. However, together with the heavy make-up and professional hairdos, the little girls look extremely mature. This is where the problem for many starts, as a children psychologist shares: â€Å"When you have them looking older, for a lot of people that means looking sexier†¦If you’re telling a 6-year-old to act like a 16-year-old, you’re telling her to be seductive and to be sexy† (Schultz Murphey, 2012: 2). In fact one pageant mom on Toddles and Tiaras has gone as far as to dress her 3-year-old in the same costume that Julia Roberts’ prostitute character wore in the movie ‘Pretty Women’ (Thompson, 2011: 1). This performance was followed by much public out8 rage and a complaint, which was filed by the Parents Television Council against TLC’s Toddlers and Tiaras saying: â€Å"We have a serious problem when The Learning Channel features a toddler, who probably hasnt even learned to read, dressed as a prostitute showing off her sexy strut† (Thompson, 2011: 1). However, exactly those provocations and shocking scenes has made Toddlers and Tiaras one of the most successful Reality TV shows featuring children. Moreover, the pageant moms get much attention in the hit-series Toddlers and Tiaras and sometimes become even more popular than their own daughters. Many critics say that the mothers push the girls to participate in pageants and on Toddlers and Tiaras only to be in the spotlight themselves. However, not every pageant mom can automatically be accused to be a bad mother. In short, Toddlers and Tiaras create a lot of shocking and controversial moments and discussions. During the in-depth interviews the research will continue to concentrate what the opinions of the participants are and whether according to them this program can be seen as obscenity. 4. 3 Uses and gratifications theory Within the uses and gratifications theory the central idea is that it is necessary to know how and why people use media in order to see what kind of force that certain medium has on people (Vettehen, 1998: 6). Media use is linked to the needs people want to satisfy and the gratification they think they will get from it. The uses and gratifications approach, studies the social, psychological and cultural origin of the needs media users have. People generally use media because it fulfills and satisfies these needs (Vettehen, 1998: 6). The uses and gratification approach is in research frequently used to trace the functions of people’s media use. When applying uses and gratifications on RTV, it helps to understand the watcher’s motives and preferences. This is done by placing RTV on the greater spectrum of communication channels which are somewhat accessible to audiences, with the understanding that people are often, but not constantly, actively involved in the selection of media content (Papacharissi Mendelson, 2007: 356). According to A. Rubin (1983) nine different motives for watching television could be identified including; ‘’relaxation, companionship, entertainment, social interaction, information, habit, pass time, arousal and escape’’ (Papacharissi Mendelson, 2007: 359). Moreover, three additional otives were added, including parasocial interaction of watching the news and ‘’surveillance and voyeurism for certain program types’’ (359). Furthermore, according to Papacharissi Mendelson quantitative research, RTV is mainly watched for entertainment, to pass time or because it has become a habit. In contrast to these three main 9 objectives of watching RTV, voyeurism seem s the least mentioned motive. According to Crew’s study (2006), this has several reasons. First of all, people are nowadays, used to the concept of watching RTV programs. Secondly, social desirability may also play a role in this, due to the fact that people rather not admit that they like to spy on other people. People however, seem to be very interested in the game element and the group dynamic of a program, due to the fact that this often gives excitement to the program (Crew, 2006: 71). Furthermore, despite the fact that according to De Kloet Chow (2000), it is impossible for a RTV participant to completely be themselves, the viewer often does not see it that way. Therefore, besides entertainment, the authenticity of the personages as well as their emotions also plays an important role. By using RTV programs as a means of identification a higher degree of involvement finds place. In different studies about watching reality television, divergent motives are being mentioned as the most important motive to watch this genre. The question however, is which of these motives apply to Toddlers and Tiaras. Even though, a wide variety of the viewers of Toddlers Tiaras cannot directly identify themselves with these little girls or their mothers, the program does strongly play into the emotions of the viewer as well as concentrating on the game factor of which child will win this episodes pageant. During the qualitative interviews the research paper will focus on finding out which of the 12 earlier mentioned motives, according to the 12 respondents are most relevant to Toddlers Tiaras. 4. 4 Stuart Hall’s Encoding-decoding model Hall’s encoding and decoding model focuses on the interpretation of media messages, a process that finds place when the media messages are being received. An individual gives meaning to messages by looking, reading and or listening, through which the person can feel emotionally involved or has the feeling that he or she can identify him or herself with the personage portrayed (De Boer Brennecke, 2003: 114). Furthermore, Hall’s model states that there are two central processes who decide which meaning a media product has. Encoding refers to the producer’s role who formulates a media message within its own abilities and restrictions. Social background, gender, age, education and organizational structure all play an important role in this. Decoding on the other hand, refers to the public who receives a message and depending on its own knowledge and common sense interprets the message in its own way (Jansen, 2011: 32). Both daily life experiences as well as what the public sees and hears in the media are of importance when giving meaning to a message (Fiske Hartley, 2003: 81). This means that both on the encoding and decoding side, different meanings of media-messages arise due to the fact that people generally differ widely from each other (Hermes Reesink, 2003: 33). 10 According to Hall there are three different ways to read a media text such as for instance a television program, including; dominant (or ‘hegemonic’), negotiated and oppositional (‘counter-hegemonic’) reading. The dominant reading exists of the message the producer meant to send to the public. Negotiated reading means that the viewer understands the producer’s message but partly also gives its own interpretation which fits the situation better. Lastly, with oppositional reading the viewer rejects the message. In addition studies of signification start when the medium and public meet. The origin of these studies all come from Hall’s encoding and decoding model. Hereby it is assumed that different people, possibly all give a different meaning to a specific media message. Two common perspectives of these studies in terms of RTV are; identification and disapproval. Identification finds place when people can relate the story line to their own life, whereas disapproval finds place when people are distant towards what they see and find it unrealistic (Liebes Katz, 1990). Both theorists and viewers describe reality television in a different manner. According to research on the signification of RTV it appears that the viewer realizes that the images they see are copied-pasted by the producer’s as well as that conversations are often manipulated in a way that it changes the context (Jansen, 2011: 33). For the viewer it is especially important to identify themselves with the different personages, in which authenticity plays an important role (Hautakangas, 2010: 237). Besides, identification, emotional empathy as well as using the program as a reference framework are ways to give meaning to a RTV program. In the case of Toddlers and Tiaras, the viewer might feel empathy when seeing how the eyebrows or legs of 4-6 year olds are being plugged and waxed. These kinds of images are often supported by voice overs in the form of interviews or dialogues with either the mum or the children themselves. Due to these dialogues and interviews, the viewer is enabled to empathize with what the personages are feeling (Hermes Reesink, 2003: 224). In which way the viewers of Toddlers and Tiaras give meaning to the program will become clearer during the in-depth interviews. 5. Method As mentioned in the introduction the purpose of this research is to find out, what people think about the show Toddlers and Tiaras, how they perceive the characters as well as child beauty pageants in general. Furthermore, due to the fact that this phenomenon clearly reflects the American society, it is interesting to find out what Europeans actually think of this concept. The variety of data used for this research and the 11 diverse number of sources from which they were collected made both the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods of collecting data suitable or this research. We therefore, decided to mix these two methods of data collection. Qualitative research is often used ‘’to study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or to interpret, phenomena in terms of meanings people bring to them’’ (Denzin Lincoln, 2002: 3). Furthermore, qualitative research questions are often ‘’how and what’â€℠¢ questions trying to find out information about the respondents experiences, strategies, feelings, behavior, perceptions and motivations (Evers de Boer, 2007: 18). This research paper makes use of the qualitative research method; interviewing, which according to Evers de Boer (2007) is the most common data collection strategy. Qualitative interviewing exists of various types, including individual interviews and group interviews. For this paper we have chosen to focus on individual in-depth interviewing. An important reason why we have chosen for this is due to the fact that it has a more personal setting and in this way we can get more honest and extensive responds from the participants than when for instance distributing a quantitative research survey. In addition, the interviews were held in an informal setting often on the couch of either one of the interviewers or of the respondents, to give the participants a relaxed feeling so that they would feel open towards the questions asked. Before the interview, the participants were also asked to watch a 42 minute episode of Toddlers and Tiaras at home so that in case they had never seen the program before, they had a clearer overview of what it is about. Right before the interview, the participants were shown another short 2 minute video clip about a famous Toddlers and Tiaras participant who is well known in the United States for drinking the so called ‘’go-go Juice’’, which is a mix of two different caffeine drinks. Furthermore, the in-depth interviews were held on the basis of the theoretical framework of chapter four, focusing on the following topics; uses and gratifications, obscenity, signification/encoding and decoding and child beauty pageants in general. For this research, a total of 10 international master students (five men and five women) from the University of Southern Denmark were interviewed about their viewing of the American RTV program Toddlers and Tiaras. The interviews existing of 16 different open questions took between approximately, 11 and 21 minutes, depending on how much the respondent knew about the program. The fact that the sample included both 5 female and 5 male respondents was done purposely, in order to be able to examine whether gender plays a role in how people perceive the program.

Colonialism in The Tempests First Two Scenes Essays

Colonialism in The Tempests First Two Scenes Essays Colonialism in The Tempests First Two Scenes Essay Colonialism in The Tempests First Two Scenes Essay Essay Topic: The Tempest While reading the first two acts of the tempest, the reader could easily be lead to believe that Shakespeare intended this to be laid on a foundation of colonialism. There is much to suggest this opinion is correct, and it is one that has only with in the past century or so been discussed. It was during the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods that the discovery of the new worlds took place. The invasion of the Americas is an example of a newly discovered land that under the rule of several European powers became little more than exploitation and literal rape of land and people. All of these world developments took place in and around Shakespeares life time, and it would be foolish to think that such an intellectual would fail to make a social comment within his work or otherwise. This is the nature of what we call a colonialist text. The native inhabitants of the new worlds were looked upon as utterly inferior, and were in many cases believed to be another species altogether. They were made to be slaves, with a purpose that solely consisted of serving the white man. This is very noticeable motif throughout the play, and the best example of this is when Caliban (the inferior native) and Prospero (the magician and settler) exchange meetings. It is obvious that Prospero sees Caliban as a worthless creature, with no rights or purpose but to attend him. He does make our fire, fetch our wood, and serves in offices that profit us This is a quote from Prospero as he tells Miranda that no matter how terrible Caliban is, he does their bidding. What you may not notice in this sentence is the use of Our. Prospero talks of the islands fruits as his own, as if he is the owner of all he sees. This is of course not true. We know that it is Caliban himself who has lived on the island with his mother Sycorax longer than the Magician or his daughter. Therefore if any one should be named the owner of the island it is the native himself. Caliban becomes incredibly vocal about this at points, and states exactly what I have been mentioning; The islands mine by SycoraxWhich thou takest from meand I showed thee all the qualities oth isle. Here he says that he inherited the island when his mother died, and Prospero stole it even after he had shown him all the qualities that the island held. This deception can be seen in every colonised community, from the Spanish destruction of the Aztec culture, to the reclaiming of land from the nomad tribes of the Americas. Colonisers would extract the knowledge of the natives, usually under the pretence of friendship, and after they had exploited them for all they were worth, they would enslave them. As a side matter, it is quite interesting when you examine how prospero describes Sycorax. It is as a blue-eyed hag. This is rather strange, as she is said to be from Algeria and therefore does not fit the stereotype. Blue eyes later became associated with people of Anglo-Saxon heritage, and in some African cultures blue eyes and blonde hair are seen to be signs of the devil (or at least evil). There are several conclusions we could come to; one is that Sycorax was banished from Algeria due to her race. This view corresponds with Shakespeares use of hyphens (Blue-eyed). Some critics believe that his use of this device is implemented to depict the ever-changing reality and sense of wonder through the words instability. Another view is that the blue eyes actually refer to something other than her eye colour. Pregnancy is a distinct possibility; in previous years having blue eyelids was seen to be a sign of being with child. This is most likely, as we know that Sycorax eventually gave b irth to Caliban, Prosperos lowly slave. A very good and well-known example of the manipulation of a people comes in Americas primary national holiday, thanksgiving. It was a case of the ignorant settlers learning how to cultivate the staple diet of wheat, rye and other plants so they could gain the upper hand on their teachers. At the time the natives as saw it as a genuine offering of alliance when the settlers sat down at dinner and shared Turkey. It was not and shortly afterwards they slaughtered them, in the same cowardly way that Prospero caged his native. There is an elitist air to Prospero that is reflective of the general character of a European settler. This is representative within his language; on several occasions it is apparent that he and his daughter Miranda feel that their position and colour means they are superior to other characters. I pitied thee when thou didst not, savage, know thine own meaning, but wouldst gable like a thing most brutish. This is just one example of how both Prospero and Miranda feel they are above Caliban in every way. I pitied thee suggests that there is a definite feeling of Calibans being little more than an animal, something that could just as well be disabled due to his form. When Miranda says gable like a thing most brutish she is referring to Calibans dialect before she honoured him with a civilised language. This does nothing for our esteem of Miranda. Her stalwart belief that any gabling but that of her own tongue is wrong only shows her ignorance. To be denied language is to be denied thought, and without thought we are nothing. The fact Miranda believes that Caliban had previously not had a language is absurd. Caliban replies to this illogical idea by saying you taught me language, and my profit ont is I know how to curse. It was not unusual for the snobbish settlers to believe that anyone who did not speak English, Spanish or any other European language was utterly substandard and dim-witted. Pitied is a word often applied to people who make you feel more significant. You would not pity someone who had just fallen over, you may feel sorry for them, but their tripping would not make you despise them to the point of pity. Calibans form, as it is described in the play, is one of an earthy monster and Prospero even goes so far as to say (A freckled whelp, hag-born) not honoured with a human shape. When the white man first laid eyes on the black man in Africa, they were instantly worried. The general consensus was that these creatures were not even human and were, in fact, another species altogether. It is a distinct possibility that Shakespeare intended this to be apparent. Whether or not he believed that Africans were another species is debatable, as this view would have been quite acceptable, but what is quite apparent is that (if indeed this is a colonialist text) he believes that they deserve rights. Another comparison that can be made between Prosperos Elitism and colonialism in the mid 16th century comes when talking to Ariel this time. Ariel is Prosperos other slave, but there is a mutual respect for each other, as Ariel is a creature of great beauty and significant power. Prospero from Sycorax freed Ariel, and as thanks offered his service for a full year. Thou my slave, as thou reportst thyself, was then her servant. Although Prospero has a respect for Caliban, he ensures that he stays in his place. It is as if the magician has made Ariel jump from one frying pan into another fire, as he now serves Prospero, and is still a slave. You could compare this to the evangelical Christians, who travelled the world in an attempt to convert savages to what they perceived to be the morally superior way of the lord. It could be said that colonialism was in itself a religious crusade, a way for Europeans to convert the heathens to what they believed to be the correct path. It is evident in The Tempest that Caliban has been indoctrinated to the point of believing Prospero to be all-powerful. I must obey; his art is of such power it would control my damns god Setebos it is not mentioned what power Setebos holds but from Calibans experience his Master is more powerful. Prosperos main power appears to be an ability to control nature itself; he is in control of Ariel, a nymph of great beauty which hails from the clouds above, and Caliban, a monster of hideous visage, who crawls close to the ground and is the colour of the earth. These two slaves represent his overall control; we know he can conjure great storms and give or take life as he pleases. It is understandable why Caliban in particular may see the mage as a god like figure (as that is how he is presented for a large section of the play), and it is reflective of the awe that many natives felt when first laying eyes on the pale faces. They would swagger of their monstrous ships, with weapons and finery that would impress any man. The problem would come when it became apparent that the natives were quite impressionable and willing to learn. The manipulation that would follow could well stretch as far as to create a belief that the white man was god. It is not even as if this is a phenomenon that died with slavery. In the first half of the 20th century, black American school children were taught in class that they werent important, and had no history worthy of teaching. The early settlers used this effectively as a smoke screen that would prevent any uprising or questioning of their rule. This is just what Prospero does, but he also employs a fear factor to enforce his power. I feel that throughout this play there is much to suggest that it is indeed a text with strong colonialist links, but it is not the only motif that can be extracted. It is true that that what I first noticed was that a lot of references could be drawn in relation to the New World conquests of the 15th and 16th centuries. However, on closer examination I began to think that there was a meaning a little deeper rooted. I felt this was a tale of how power corrupts. Firstly we see how in the first scene Gonzalo goes as far as to feel he need hang the Boatswain due to a single comment he made. Later on we hear of how Prosperos beloved brother betrays him over the ownership of Milan, and after this we see Prospero become more and more aggressive towards, in particular, Caliban, just as a means to make him feel more powerful. These two points interlink very well, but can also be examined as separate issues, and I feel that if I had gone into my reading with other expectations I could have drawn out an entirely different argument.

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident The Marco Polo Bridge Incident of July 7 - 9, 1937 marks the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, which also represents the beginning of World War II in Asia.   What was the incident, and how did it spark nearly a decade of fighting between two of Asias great powers?   Background: Relations between China and Japan were chilly, to say the least, even prior to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.   The Empire of Japan had annexed Korea, formerly a Chinese tributary state, in 1910, and had invaded and occupied Manchuria following the Mukden Incident in 1931.   Japan had spent the five years leading up to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident gradually seizing ever-larger sections of northern and eastern China, encircling Beijing.   Chinas de facto government, the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek, was based further south in Nanjing, but Beijing was still a strategically pivotal city. The key to Beijing was the Marco Polo Bridge, named of course for the Italian trader Marco Polo who visited Yuan China in the 13th century and described an earlier iteration of the bridge.   The modern bridge, near the town of Wanping, was the only road and rail link between Beijing and the Kuomintangs stronghold in Nanjing.   The Japanese Imperial Army had been trying to pressure China to withdraw from the area around the bridge, without success. The Incident: In the early summer of 1937, Japan began to carry out military training exercises near the bridge.   They always warned the local inhabitants, to prevent panic, but on July 7, 1937, the Japanese commenced training without prior notice to the Chinese.   The local Chinese garrison at Wanping, believing that they were under attack, fired a few scattered shots, and the Japanese returned fire.   In the confusion, a Japanese private went missing, and his commanding officer demanded that the Chinese allow the Japanese troops to enter and search the town for him. The Chinese refused.   The Chinese army offered to conduct the search, which the Japanese commander agreed to, but some Japanese infantry troops tried to push their way in to the town regardless.   Chinese troops garrisoned in town fired on the Japanese and drove them away. With events spiraling out of control, both sides called for reinforcements.   Shortly before 5 am on July 8, the Chinese allowed two Japanese investigators in to Wanping to search for the missing soldier.   Nonetheless, the Imperial Army opened fire with four mountain guns at 5:00, and Japanese tanks rolled down the Marco Polo Bridge shortly thereafter.   One hundred Chinese defenders fought to hold the bridge; only four of them survived.   The Japanese overran the bridge, but Chinese reinforcements retook it the following morning, July 9. Meanwhile, in Beijing, the two sides negotiated a settlement of the incident.   The terms were that China would apologize for the incident, responsible officers on both sides would be punished, Chinese troops in the area would be replaced by the civilian Peace Preservation Corps, and the Chinese Nationalist government would better control communist elements in the area.   In return, Japan would withdraw from the immediate area of Wanping and the Marco Polo Bridge.   Representatives of China and Japan signed this accord on July 11 at 11:00 am. The national governments of both countries saw the skirmish as an insignificant local incident, and it should have ended with the settlement agreement.   However, the Japanese Cabinet held a press conference to announce the settlement, in which it also announced the mobilization of three new army divisions, and harshly warned the Chinese government in Nanjing not to interfere with the local solution to the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.   This incendiary cabinet statement caused Chiang Kaisheks government to react by sending four divisions of additional troops to the area.   Soon, both sides were violating the truce agreement.   The Japanese shelled Wanping on July 20, and by the end of July the Imperial Army had surrounded Tianjin and Beijing.   Even though neither side likely had planned to go into an all-out war, tensions were incredibly high.   When a Japanese naval officer was assassinated in Shanghai on August 9, 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in earnest.   It would transition in to the Second World War, ending only with Japans surrender on September 2, 1945.

Week 4 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 4 question - Essay Example As a service provider to the community as a whole, healthcare organizations must consider their role as socially responsible organizations. In other words, the primary objectives of strategic planning in healthcare organizations should include the goal of maintaining healthy communities and a healthy nation. Community health is a serious concern for healthcare leaders in terms of developing and implementing healthcare strategies. For instance, access to care is a basic right for all individuals of a community or a society. In case of wide and diverse communities, community collaboration or integration is required to implement successful strategic planning. Community organizing involves three approaches - locality development, social planning and social action (McKenzie et al, 2008). Healthcare organizations should be focused on the issue of health maintenance of the whole community including the various economic classes and sub-classes of the community. In order to make healthcare accessible to all people in the community including the indigent and uninsured, healthcare professionals adopt a number of strategies such as (McKenzie et al, 2008, p. 129), In this context, community health education programs are significant to create health awareness among people. Community health education is strongly associated with the concepts of cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, cultural competence and multiculturalism. Especially in the United States, increasing diversity in its population has caused the need for multicultural awareness in health education. In order to promote multicultural health education, certain steps are required to take by healthcare organizations: 2. Discussion Question #2: In health care today, there are public and regulatory concerns about fraudulent billing, kickbacks for referrals, differential marketing for health plan enrollees, and even broader issues regarding unavailability of care or unaffordable care for many persons

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Operations Management - Assignment Example These two early industrial revolutions have made people extremely rich and able to embrace urbanization. Now, the third revolution is underway, and this is represented by the digitalization of manufacturing. It is a fact that this digitalization of manufacturing is likely to transform business and much more. Several outstanding technologies are converging: novel materials, new processes such as 3D printing, clever software, as well as wide range of internet-based services (Markillie 2012). Factories that operated in the past majored in making identical products. For instance, Ford asserted that all those individuals who were interested in purchasing cars had the option of having any color they preferred, so long as it was closely related to black. It is also imperative to understand the fact that the production cost of small batches of varied products that are tailored to customer’s demands, is falling. This implies that the future factories will emphasize on mass customizatio n, and may appear similar to the weavers’ cottages of the 18th century and not Ford’s assembly line. The old fashioned way of making things entailed welding or screwing of several parts of a machine together. However, in the recent times, a product can be designed easily on a computer and the printed with the help of a three-dimensional printer. The three-dimensional printer helps in the creation of solid objects by building up sequential layers of material. This digital design can also be tweaked in order to make it better just by a few mouse-clicks (Stevenson 2011). Since the 3D printer is electronic, it can run on its own without a worker attending to it. Additionally, it can make several complex things which cannot be handled by a traditional factory. With time, it is argued that these 3D printers will be able to make anything from anywhere. For instance, you can give it a command from any part of the world and let it do the printing work. This digitalization is bo und to promote mechanization to unmeasured heights. The three-dimensional printing applications are extremely mind-boggling. High technology parts of military jets and hearing aids are already in customized shapes. Therefore, with the continued improvement of the technology, there is likely to be a change in the geographic supply chain. For instance, an engineer conducting his work in a deserted area, who lacks any engineering tool does not necessarily have to make arrangements for the tool to be delivered to him from the nearest town. What he can do is to download the tool’s design and print. From this development, it is correct to say that days when projects used to be halted since some parts of the construction kit were unavailable, or customers raising complaints for not finding spare parts for items bought are soon becoming quaint. Other transformations are also momentous. For instance, the novel materials used in the factories are light, strong and durable compared to t he old ones. Aluminium and steel products are being replaced by carbon fibre in products such as mountain bikes and airplanes. New technologies have enabled engineers to shape objects and make tiny adjustments. On the other hand, nanotechnology is promoting products by giving them enhanced features. For instance, it promotes the creation of crockery that facilitate easy cleaning, bandages that are capable of healing cuts, engines that efficiently run, just to mention but a

My Ambition in Life Essay Example for Free

My Ambition in Life Essay We are all familiar with the proverb ‘Hitch your wagon to a star.’ The logic behind it is simple. If we do not aspire for something great, we shall not strive for it and consequently lead a life of ignominy. The autobiographies of all great men reveal, that each of them very early in childhood had a dream, a vision of what they intended to do or become. This is distinctively apart from daydreaming, for in the words of William Shakespeare â€Å"Ambition should be made of sterner stuff’. Thus it is not suffice to only dream, but one must relentlessly strive to achieve and realise this dream. I too have a dream, an ambition of becoming a doctor. This is so because it is a noble profession, that also commands a lot of respect in the society. The white coat and the stethoscope mesmerizes me, right since my childhood. The look of concern, sense of empathy and the feeling of confidence that the doctor inspires in a patient, mitigates his suffering. He is looked upon as a messiah by the sick and the infirm. No matter how big or powerful a man might be, he invariably does fall sick and has to seek the doctor’s help. There are many other professions that offer more money, power and glamour, but none commands the respect and the dignity of a doctor. All these are but transitory things, that are there today and gone tomorrow, but the status and service of a doctor does not diminish. On the other hand, if he practices his profession nobly, it increases and multiplies with the passage of time. The road to realising my dream is not easy, nor do I expect it to be so. I would have to pass the competitive premedical examination, before I could gain entry to a medical college. I have begun preparation for the same in earnest and with God’s grace I do hope to clear the test. I would like to specialise in Cardiac diseases after completing my MBBS. This is a fatal ailment that has afflicted us and is on the rise. It has now started afflicting even young people and this country would need many cardiologists to take care of them. This is my dream which I do hope will come true. I shall leave no stone unturned to turn my ambition into reality, for I firmly believe that our triumphs and defeats are in us. H.W. Longfellow rightly echoes these sentiments when he says â€Å"Not in the clamour of crowded streets not in the shouts of plaudits of the throng. But in ourselves are triumphs and defeats.†

How to Create a Bug :: Viruses Computers Technology Essays

How to Create a Bug ATTR newbie on items for sale ? hair item nebie status is lost ? with client 3.0, does a .sleep then walks, and it generates hair tiles, did a .set flags 4 to freeze him and he insta-died.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  then when i ressed him he kept his death shroud. port 3593 for the accounts ? no sparring for a long time before goin to war is frustrating but can be handled but resignin towns and loggin off need changes. 1 resigning - a person can resign a town while you are attacking him then call the guards on you or what happened to me last night i killed a guy i let him live after than he resigned his town few minutes later he walked close by me and my char auto attacked him i got guardwhacked(can we say insane?) 2 often when you start killing someone in town they will log off making their char disappear(whats the point to war if they just log off to be safe?) ps guys that make a wad of bears THEN join a town and attack you needs fixed also means if you are gonna be safe you need to take out the bears of everyone around you incase they do join the town thats a fast way to make people mad for no reason  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   if you double click your axe, and then on a tree it says something like   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'try chopping a tree' after numerous trys all over the globe,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found that if you chop at a tree with your daggar (make some kindling! WHOOHOOO!)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  you can then chop the tree with your axe, afterwards. Hope this helps anybody else   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  who's having trouble with this! @INPVAL for a simple value input ! console - turn Off logging, you cant turn it on 3) Provocation still :) 4) A function's for skill menus to got a dialog spider webs people get stuck in dont time out, they are stuck forever started .ACCOUNT ADDMAIL name email when taking too much alcohol all your stats goto 0, and you need to kill yourself to get them back. Any keyword to turn that off in the ini? TEST - saving house region tags house 4270 skill to gump ? wack = fail speelll for npc;'s keyword to route skill creat to gumps MAKEITEM replication for shafts? jail return point = TAG.JAILRETURN log out while sleeping. There's also some problem with healing animals with bandages (veterinary). When you start healing them it keeps on healing at a quick rate, as if you were holding down "last object / last target" macro button

The duty and role of the producer

As far as the market is concerned, there is the existence of a diverse range of products that are meant for the purposes of human consumption. The duty and role of the producer is to come up with a product to be disposed through the process of marketing to the ultimate consumer. By so doing the goals as well as the objectives of the producer is the generation of profit.It therefore applies that the question of the safety as well as the health issues of the product is not the concern of the producer but a matter of personal issue of the determination of the side effect as well as the harm that may be associated with the consumption of the product.Majority of the products in the market that are meant for consumption are generally unhealthy as well as a cause of death to the human beings. In the consideration of the range of the products that poses health risk to the consumer from the range of fast foods to the tobacco products, the list can only be considered to be endless.However, all these products are usually promoted in the market through the process of advertising, highlighting the best side of the product while the knowledge about the harmful effects is in most cases concealed. However the consequent actions of the consumer are entirely blamed on the advertisement.Advertising is generally understood as the act as well as the practice of creating the awareness of the product to the consumer in view of influencing the behavior of the consumer in favor of the product. It is purely wrong to place the blame of the actions of the consumer on advertising.This kind of situation can be equated to blaming an individual who is entitled to his or her own views. The advertising agencies and the product owners should instead, take the blame. Across the majority of cultures and especially the United States the responsibility of the personal choice has been eroded and people otherwise point fingers in alternative directions (Fox 98).The concept of advertising forms a major segment in as far as the society is concerned. Through advertising, the public attention with regard to the existing products, the needs as well as the services is sensitized. There exists no boundary as to the effects aroused by the practice of advertisement with regard to the potential harm inflicted on the body of the individual.The advertising companies push the harmful products to the disposal of the user. It should however be remembered that the ultimate use reserves the final judgment with regard to the use or abstinence from the use of the product. In contrast to this fact, it has been evident that majority of the people have laid the poor choices made by the consumers on the advertising companies.The tobacco as well as the alcohol industries is among the most notable industries that have been the target in as far as the blames of this category are concerned. The concept of personal responsibilities among the majority of people have been eroded, a situation that has resulte d to the consideration of the advertising industry as a scapegoat for the poor associated with the consumers (Goodrum 145).It is an obvious fact that the majority of the individuals will be adamant in as far as the issue of admitting to the reality is concerned but all in all connecting advertisement to the wrong judgment of the consumer is not justified.This can only be taken as the absence of the potential capacity of the individual to exercise personal responsibility with regard to the choices that the individual is in a position to take as well as implement. To exonerate themselves, the poor choice of the consumer is pegged on advertising as the scapegoat.It is a common practice for people with weak willpower to blame others for the poor judgments that they make. The process of making coherent decisions is rooted in the potential capacity for the people to shoulder their personal responsibilities.The fact that an advertisement has been aired is not an implication that it should be wholly embraced but rather the individual is at liberty to enjoy or disdain the product targeted by the advertisement (Fox 158).

How to Write a Marketing Research Proposal

Step 1 Determine why the research is taking place. A market research proposal must explain the purpose of the research. The abstract at the beginning of the proposal will explain the goals of the research as well as any theories the research is attempting to prove. Step 2 Identify the information needed for the research. Explain the type of research information that is necessary to serve the purpose identified in step one. For example, if the research is on television viewing habits, one type of information needed is the kind of shows being watched as well as the audience that is watching. Different demographics often have different viewing habits, so identifying the information you need is a critical part of the market research proposal. This information is a necessary component in the first third of the proposal. Step 3 Explain the research methods that will be used. You know what information is needed; now detail how you will find it. Will you use a poll? What other measuring tools will you use? Step 4 Explain the cost of the research. The cost is going to influence those making the decisions. Each recommendation you make should include a specific cost breakdown as well as a rating of the importance of that research tool in relation to the others. For example, if you can obtain the same information through two different methods, you should include cost, validity and reliability scales for decision-making. Step 5 Conclude the market research proposal with a summary and recommendation. While the bulk of the proposal should explore all options, the summation should include your recommendations and assessments of all the available options. 6. Step 6 Edit for structure. Be sure to format the market research proposal with an executive summary (abstract/introduction), background (information and research), and a definition of the research or the problem you seek to resolve with the research. Be sure to include objectives, research methods (how information will be gathered and analyzed) and method of reporting.

Liberty essays

Liberty essays Western mans pursuit of liberty has been constant. Indeed, the concept of liberty is central to Western political thought and history. The following essays, which were the first of the Goodrich Lecture Series at Wabash College, examine the concept of liberty as it has been understood from antiquity through the twentieth century. Since they were delivered, some of the essays have been modified, but the original thrust of the lecture series has been preserved. It is fitting that these lectures focused on this concept which was so important to Mr. Pierre Goodrich, in whose honor this lecture series was created. Mr. Goodrich founded Liberty Fund Inc., a foundation given over to the programmatic and philosophic study of society made up of free and responsible individuals. The value of such studies reflects Mr. Goodrichs understanding of the difficult problems raised in advancing and defending human liberty. These essays examine the meaning given to the concept of liberty in selected periods of Western history. They demonstrate that Western man, in the pursuit of liberty, has concerned himself in every historical epoch with this concept as he attempted to define, implement, and, most importantly, understand it. Free will, that quality which characterizes the uniqueness of human beings, is evidenced in their acts, behaviors, and choices. However, this fact does not mean that human behavior, thought, and choice have unchanging purpose or content since such free choices are within the power of the individual and are conditioned by the circumstances in which individuals operate. Consequently, historical examination of this concept provides an outline for the inquiry made regarding the nature of liberty-its definition, its implementation, and its value. Professor Rufus Fearss essay opens this unique collection by examining the concept of liberty in Republican Rome and its transformation from the period of the Republic to th...

A Custom Definition Essay Example About Respect Writing Assistance

A Custom Definition Essay Example About Respect Writing Assistance WHAT WE HAVENT HEARD ABOUT RESPECT BEFORE One of the most important ways of establishing and maintaining lasting relationships both at home and at work is having respect for oneself and others. The term respect refers the recognition of the values of people and things and treating them with care and concern. It means having a deep admiration for someone or something. This admiration stems from the accomplishments, abilities and the qualities of a person. Additionally, respect encapsulates the way one thinks about someone or something. For instance, an employer can be said to have respect for his employees if he admires their abilities and accomplishments in the workplace and treats them well. Respect determines the way in which a person lives as well as the interaction with other members of the society. Respect for oneself, for instance, restrains a person from engaging in risk-taking behaviors that can cause the destruction of both the body and mind. Moreover, having respect for each other at home, in the workplace and in the society at large help in reducing conflicts, disagreements and misunderstandings thus contributing to peaceful coexistence and a harmonious society. One can also demonstrate respect for things because of the inherent values they have. The fundamentals of respect, consequently, remain constant whether a person or an item is in question. Respect plays a central role in building and maintaining healthy and lasting relationships. First, respect helps in establishing open communication between the parties in relationships. In families, for instance, having respect helps the members to be trustworthy, honest and straight forward. This way they are capable of abiding by the family rules and living peacefully. Additionally, open communication emanating from respect is useful in the workplaces. Respect enables the employers and employees alike, to communicate with each other in a professional and honest manner. This way, people feel free to convey their opinions and ideas in without being interrupted. Secondly, respect is significant in building trust in relationships. The flourishing of relationships, whether family, business, intimate or working relationships depends on trust. Respect for oneself and others can help in building trust. Â  An employee who fulfills the responsibilities and delivers in time because of the respect for his job and employers, for example, is capable of gaining the trust of the employees. Consequently, the employee has higher chances of being promoted. Additionally, having respect in relationships results in trust between couples making them have better and healthier relationships. Moreover, respect is important in relationships since it is the key to happiness. Having respect for others enables a person to become more tolerant and embrace people’s differences. Additionally, respecting the views and beliefs of others limits conflicts and confrontations among the people. The result is the peaceful coexistence between people that gives them inner peace, contentment, and happiness. Furthermore, having respect for other people boosts their esteem since they feel appreciated. One of the ways of becoming more respectful to others is honesty. Honesty comprises vital traits like truthfulness, straightforwardness, and integrity. It is important to realize that people would like to be dealt with honestly. Therefore, showing respect for others entails being honest in words and actions. Additionally, one should be responsible for their words and make people know that they are reliable. An additional approach of displaying respect to others is by exhibiting kindness. When dealing with family, friends or colleagues, showing kindness makes them feel appreciated and loved. One of the ways of showing kindness to others is watching one’s tone when addressing others. It is important to note that no one wants to be ordered around and using the golden words such as please and thank you can aid in showing respect. Obedience is another way through which one can show respect to others. If asked by an elderly person or a person in authority to do something which is not harmful or immoral, one should obey and follow the instructions. Other ways of being more respectful are; taking care of one’s mess, exercising fairness, courtesy, avoiding putting blames on others and listening to others without interrupting. Personally, I think respect means accepting people for who they are and learning to live with them harmoniously despite our differences. It involves embracing other people’s strengths and weaknesses without prejudice. By learning to accept other people, we reduce our engagements in conflicts and other disrespectful behaviors such as name calling and hauling insults at each other. The end result is a cohesive and harmonious society.